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Section 2 Existing Conditions/Affected Environment

EAA Storage Reservoirs Revised Draft PIR and EIS February 2006

2-40

current, provides a measure of the dissolved solids such as sodium chloride,

calcium carbonate, and sulfate, which have an electrical charge when they

dissolve. There are levels of salt that will adversely affect aquatic plants and

animals. This level is different for each species. Measuring pH determines how

acidic or basic the water is. Aquatic plants and animals are generally only able

to tolerate a narrow range of pH values. Oxygen is necessary for aquatic plants

and animals to live and either dissolves into water at the water-and-air interface

or during photosynthesis by aquatic plants. Low dissolved oxygen may be an

indicator of high organic loadings and is associated with foul smelling water.

Solids and chemical ions are determined during laboratory testing. These tests

provide general water quality information. Suspended solids and turbidity are

often related. The suspended solids test measures particulates that are in the

water column at the time of sampling. These solids may be microscopic plants

(algae), fine silt, and/or clay suspended by wave action or water movement.

Turbidity measures the light scattering caused by particulates in the water

column. Light scattering may limit the amount of light that bottom dwelling

plants receive and may reduce the aesthetic appeal of a water body.

Major ions of interest are chloride, sulfate, calcium, sodium, and iron. These

chemical constituents are normally present in natural surface waters, but may

sometimes limit water use when present in excess, causing problems with water

hardness, color and staining, and excessive saltiness. Alkalinity is important for

measuring carbonate and other acid and base buffering ions in natural waters.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are typically the most important nutrients with regard

to aquatic plant growth. In water, excessive growth of plants cannot be

sustained and may act to deplete dissolved oxygen. Nitrogen (N) in the forms of

nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) are commonly analyzed together with a single

test and the results are often identified as NOx-N. Ammonia and NOx-N are

available for plant uptake. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen measures ammonia nitrogen

and nitrogen incorporated into organic compounds and plant and animal cells

but not NOx-N. Ortho phosphate (PO4 or oP) and total dissolved phosphorus

(TDP) are forms of phosphorus that are not bound in plant and animal cells or

water column particulates and may be available for plant uptake. The total

phosphorus (TP) test measures oP, TDP, and phosphorus bound in plant and

animal cells and water column particulates.

Pesticides and mercury can have detrimental effects on aquatic life. Poisons,

such as pesticides and mercury, can also have direct adverse effects on human

health. Ametryn, atrazine, simazine, and toxaphene are pesticides of interest in

the area. Recent post-remediation testing of the Woerner Farm #3 property

located in the extreme northern portion of the Compartment A footprint yielded

elevated levels of toxaphene. The USFWS has performed an environmental risk

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